{"id":4411,"date":"2025-09-23T00:41:52","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T21:41:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/underlay-network\/"},"modified":"2025-09-23T00:43:40","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T21:43:40","slug":"underlay-network","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/underlay-network\/","title":{"rendered":"Underlay Network (\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Underlay<\/strong> \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u00ab\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f\u00bb \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432. \u0415\u0451 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u2014 <strong>\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438<\/strong> \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (VTEP, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/vpn\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"211\" title=\"VPN (Virtual Private Network)\">VPN<\/a>-\u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442. \u043f.), \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b.<\/strong><br>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a <strong>L3-\u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0443 <a href=\"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/ip-adres\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"204\" title=\"IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 (Internet Protocol)\">IP<\/a><\/strong> \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430 \u043a \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0443, <strong>ECMP<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f<strong> \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445 (BFD\/FRR), \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f <strong>MTU<\/strong>, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 <a href=\"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/ping\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"326\" title=\"Ping\">\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433<\/a> \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u00ab\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0438\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f <strong>Clos (leaf\u2013spine)<\/strong> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0441 <strong>\/31 p2p<\/strong> \u0438 <strong>loopback-\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 (VTEP, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/bgp-session\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"317\" title=\"BGP Session\">BGP<\/a>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b: <strong>IS-IS\/OSPF<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f IGP, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e <strong>eBGP \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong>, \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/mpls\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"266\" title=\"MPLS\u00a0(Multiprotocol Label Switching)\">MPLS<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jumbo MTU<\/strong> \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, 9k), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 VXLAN\/GENEVE\/GRE.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f: <strong>sFlow\/NetFlow<\/strong>, IP <a href=\"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/service-level-agreement\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"280\" title=\"SLA (Service Level Agreement)\">SLA<\/a>, \u044d\u043a\u0441<a href=\"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/port\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"225\" title=\"Port (\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442 )\">\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442<\/a> \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0420\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/strong><br>Underlay \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <strong>\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 IP-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/strong> (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/udp\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"223\" title=\"UDP (User Datagram Protocol)\">UDP<\/a>\/4789 \u0434\u043b\u044f VXLAN) \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u00ab\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439\/\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 overlay. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b <strong>\u0441\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f MTU<\/strong>, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <strong>DSCP\/ECN<\/strong> (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f) \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 <strong>ECMP-\u0445\u044d\u0448<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0417\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c MTU <strong>\u043d\u0430 50\u2013100+ \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 <\/strong>\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435\u00bb 1500, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c MTU \u0432 \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c <strong>MSS-clamp<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c <strong>\u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (BFD\/FRR), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c <strong>QoS\/AQM<\/strong> (FQ-CoDel\/RED) \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 <strong>ECMP-\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/strong> \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0438.<\/strong><br>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f MTU \u2192 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb; \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u044b\/ACL, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 <strong>Protocol 47 (GRE)<\/strong> \u0438\u043b\u0438 UDP\/4789 (VXLAN) \u2192 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0432\u044b \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439; \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0447\u0442\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 <strong>DSCP-whitening<\/strong> \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u2192 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f; \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb L2 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u2192 \u043f\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c <strong>\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c L3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/strong><br>\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b IP-\u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 leaf\u2013spine \u043d\u0430 100G. \u041d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 MTU <strong>9216<\/strong>, IGP \u2014 <strong>IS-IS<\/strong>, \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 leaf\/spine \u2014 <strong>eBGP<\/strong> \u0441 ECMP. VTEP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 <strong>\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442<\/strong> \u043d\u0430 loopback, BFD \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430 ~200 \u043c\u0441. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 <strong>VXLAN\/EVPN<\/strong>: underlay \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443, overlay \u2014 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":2927,"menu_order":217,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-4411","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry"],"comment_count":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4411"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4411\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4413,"href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4411\/revisions\/4413"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/2927"}],"prev":[{"title":"Containerd","link":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/docs\/glossarij\/terminy\/containerd\/","href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/4353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cloudvps.by\/community\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=4411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}